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Editorial...

Mint mum on Sacagawea specifics
By: Beth Deisher

 

Unanswered questions relating to the manufacture of various versions of the Sacagawea dollar continue to feed speculation that the U.S. Mint has been purposefully crafty and misleading.

When Glenna Goodacre received pay for design work on the Sacagawea dollar on April 5, 2000, she expected to receive standard business strikes directly from the Mint that had not been circulated, worth $5,000, the amount of the design contest award. Instead, she received coins that she says Mint officials at the time described as specially burnished and treated with an antioxidant before being sealed in plastic tubes for transport to her.

For six months, the Mint simply would not answer any questions about the coins Goodacre received. Then it postured that the coins were produced in the same manner as those struck for Uncirculated Mint sets. Score 1 for the Mint on confusion tactics.

At the point of striking and until coins are held by human hand and display signs of wear, all coins are deemed Uncirculated/Mint State and described in numismatic literature as such. Until recently, the Mint used the same terminology. Coins produced for special numismatic sets (Millennium and Mint sets) are of course Uncirculated/Mint State and it now appears they undergo extra steps in the manufacturing process but are simply described by the Mint as "Uncirculated."

From court documents, it is clear even the Mint considers the Uncirculated coins produced for the numismatic sets to be more than twice as valuable as coins struck for circulation (business strikes). Hence, Goodacre's surprise at being paid in coins described as having undergone a special process.

As the Goodacre coins began to enter the marketplace in August and collectors and grading services observed differences between them and the coins in the Millennium and Mint sets, more questions arose. Yet, the Mint maintained its position that all "Uncirculated" Sacagaweas had been produced in the same manner.

In response to 31 specific questions, the Mint provided the accompanying chart that denotes "Uncirculated" Sacagaweas undergo a washing/cleaning/drying sequence after being struck.

Score 2 for the Mint on confusion tactics. Many in the manufacturing sector and in the collecting community deem the identified process after striking as post-strike burnishing.

The latest revelation answers only one of the 31 questions Coin World has asked the Mint regarding the Sacagawea dollars. The Mint's response was accompanied by a statement saying: "The Mint does not release detailed information describing its research and development, technology and coining processes to ensure the integrity and security of the production process, to maintain confidentiality required by non-disclosure agreements, and in order to compete effectively as a business within the numismatic community." Score 3 for the Mint. Confusion reigns because the Mint refuses to be specific in its answers.

What follows is a list of questions concerning the production of Sacagawea dollars asked of U.S. Mint officials. As of March 19, 2001, most of the questions have gone unanswered.

1. It is our understanding that the U.S. Mint purchases from outside suppliers all of the alloy strip to produce the Sacagawea dollars. Is this correct? If so, please name the suppliers.

2. It is our understanding that the U.S. Mint performs all of the blanking process. Is this correct?

3. In what facility or facilities is the blanking being done?

4. Please identify which facility or facilities are performing the upsetting, annealing, washing, and drying.

5. It is our understanding that burnishing capacity became a problem. Is this correct? If so, when?

6. It is our understanding that the U.S. Mint purchased new burnishing equipment and installed it in the Philadelphia Mint. Is this correct?

7. If correct, when was the equipment brought online?

8. Does the new burnishing equipment have the same capacity as that already being used?

9. Does the temperature and time of annealing differ?

10. We understand that even with the new equipment, the U.S. Mint did not have the capacity to burnish all of the Sacagawea dollars being produced. Is this correct?

11. We understand that the U.S. Mint contracted with the Royal Canadian Mint (RCM) to perform burnishing of Sacagawea planchets. Is this correct? If correct, please provide the following information:

12. When (provide inclusive dates) did the RCM burnish Sacagawea dollar planchets?

13. How many Sacagawea planchets were burnished by the RCM?

14. What kind of burnishing equipment was used by the RCM to perform the burnishing?

15. Did temperatures and burnishing times differ from the process used in U.S. Mint facilities? Please explain and provide details of any differences.

16. Did the RCM perform any function other than burnishing and drying?

17. Is the RCM currently performing any process in the manufacture of the Sacagawea dollar coin?

18. Which U.S. Mint facilities struck 2000-dated Sacagawea dollar coins? Please provide mintages by facility and inclusive dates of strikings at each facility.

19. Please describe the washing/cleaning/drying processes used after striking the Sacagawea dollar coins.

20. What chemicals are used in the washing/cleaning process?

21. At any time has the U.S. Mint applied an antioxidant coating to any Sacagawea coins?

22. If so, when?

23. Have there been different formulas of an antioxidant or antioxidants applied?

24. At any time has the U.S. Mint burnished any Sacagawea dollars after striking?

25. If so, when and how many?

26. With regard to the 5, 000 Sacagawea dollar coins paid to sculptor Glenna Goodacre: When were the coins struck?

27. Were new dies used to strike the coins Goodacre received?

28. Were the planchets used to strike the coins that Goodacre received burnished longer or processed in a manner different than other Sacagawea coins?

29. Have any Sacagawea coins been burnished after being struck? If so, how many? Were such coins kept separate for any purpose?

30. How (packaging) were the coins delivered to Goodacre?

31. Was any special die preparation performed on the die used to strike the dollars that went to Goodacre? If so, please describe.



Manufacturing Process for Golden Dollars
Differences in appearance between the Uncirculated Set and the Uncirculated Golden Dollars presented to Glenna Goodacre are the result of normal production variation related to die life, which is within standard acceptable manufacturing tolerances.
Standard Manufacturing
Steps:
Circulated golden dollar*
Standard Manufacturing
Steps:
Uncirculated golden dollar**
BlankingBlanking
UpsettingUpsetting
AnnealingAnnealing
WashingWashing
DryingDrying
BurnishingBurnishing
DryingDrying
Striking
  (blanks stuck once)
Striking
  (blanks stuck once)
InspectingWashing/cleaning
PackagingDrying
 Inspecting
 Packaging
* Circulating Golden Dollars are not washed after striking, and the presence of manufacturing residue on the coins affects the brightness and reflectivity of the coins.** The U.S. Mint made all of the blanks for the Golden Dollar Program and the Royal Canadian Mint made some of them into planchets. Differences in appearance are also attributable to minor process variations within standard acceptable manufacturing tolerances.
Source: U.S. Mint.
 
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